The Impact of the CMR Protocol on Carrier Competitiveness
Milos Poliak, Jana Tomicova, Kelvin Cheu, Gabriel Fedorko, Adela Poliakova
Keywords:
document, CMR, convention, contract, carriage, liability, competitiveness
Abstract:
In 1956, an important step was taken in international road freight transport. The CMR Convention,
the main purpose of which was to unify the rules for the international transport of goods
and thereby promote the development of international trade, was concluded. From a practical
point of view, this is of great importance to both carriers and transporters. Similarly, this
Convention also incorporates the most important document for the carriage of goods, i.e. the
consignment note CMR. Since the adoption of the CMR Convention, the method of calculating
the carrier liability has changed with the adoption of the Protocol to the CMR Convention. The
Protocol changed the system for calculating liability from one based on the gold franc to a system
based on special drawing rights. This protocol has not only changed the unit of constraint, but
has also reduced the value of liability limitation for carriers. However, the protocol, which introduced
a change in the carrier liability system, has not been accepted by all states. This disparity
causes differences in liability and also in the competitiveness of carriers. The aim of this paper
is to identify the impact of the adoption of the Protocol on the competitiveness of the carrier in
each state which is party to the agreement.
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 The Impact of the CMR Protocol on Carrier Competitiveness [PDF file] [Filesize: 487.16 KB]
 10.7441/joc.2019.04.09
Poliak, M., Tomicova, J., Cheu, K., Fedorko, G., & Poliakova, A. (2019). The Impact of the CMR
Protocol on Carrier Competitiveness. Journal of Competitiveness, 11(4), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2019.04.09
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