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http://www.cjournal.cz Journal of Competitiveness Economy http://backend.userland.com/rss Sat, 17 Oct 2026 04:54:33 GMT http://www.cjournal.cz/imgs/cjournal_logo.png http://www.cjournal.cz
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Through a multilevel analytical framework, this study explains how responsible leadership (RL) cultivates workforce ecological citizenship, as manifested through discretionary pro-environmental actions that constitute organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE). On the basis of cognitive-affective system theory, our research establishes and validates a dual-pathway framework clarifying how RL fosters OCBE. Our analysis of survey responses from 486 employees across multiple industries demonstrates that RL substantially promotes OCBE through parallel cognitive and affective mechanisms. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that environmental passion (EP) serves as a key affective mediator, whereas environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) operates as the primary cognitive mediating mechanism. This research contributes meaningful theoretical refinements to existing RL frameworks and yields evidence-based recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance employee-driven environmental initiatives through targeted leadership interventions. These contributions advance both the theoretical discourse and practical implementation of workplace environmental management strategies. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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There are not enough studies in the literature to determine which variables have the most critical effects on the development of green bonds. This research gap creates uncertainty in the formation of strategic policy and investment decisions and emerges as an important research gap. To fill this gap, this study aims to determine the factors affecting the development of green bonds. For this purpose, an econometric analysis is carried out using the annual data of the emerging seven (E7) countries for the period 2000–2021. In the analysis, the instrumental variables two-stage least squares (IV-2SLS) technique is preferred to test the relationships more reliably. The main contribution of this study is that the most critical variables affecting the development of green bonds have been prioritized. Moreover, considering the instrumental variables two-stage least squares (IV-2SLS) technique makes it possible to test the causality relationship statistically. This situation contributes significantly to the results being more reliable. The findings demonstrate that the carbon emission problem positively affects the increase in green bonds. Similar to this situation, there is also a positive correlation between renewable energy projects and green bond improvements. In line with these results, it is recommended that governments implement incentive mechanisms such as tax reductions, develop independent auditing and ethical reporting standards, and ensure macroeconomic stability. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Considering that an economic vision oriented solely on profit-making fails to ensure corporate competitiveness along with sustainable development, a transition to a systemic approach of economic, social, and environmental dimensions became imperative. To support human development, the EU countries have not fully succeeded in transitioning to a circular economy and capitalising on the advantages of eco-innovation. This study aims to reveal corruption's impact on shaping eco-innovation, circular economy, and human development, considering a comprehensive panel data set of 270 values covering the 2013–2022 period for the EU-27 countries. Carrying out three-perspective research and a mixed-methods approach applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by the Structural Equation Model (SEM), this study provides valuable outcomes regarding the baneful corruption effect on human development within EU-27 countries, mediated through eco-innovation and circular economy. Thus, corruption hinders eco-innovation, which, in turn, inhibits countries’ performance in transitioning to the circular economy. Finally, corruption indirectly hampers human development through its straight action on eco-innovation and its collateral effect on the circular economy. Research findings highlight that to support human development in the EU-27 countries, sustained anti-corruption measures must strengthen the competitive advantages achieved by switching towards eco-innovations and the circular economy. The study’s complexity ensures powerful arguments supporting the findings' relevance and originality. It contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the mediated impact of corruption on human development within EU-27 countries, complementing the literature and offering valuable insights and strategies for policymakers and business leaders in sustainable development. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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This study examines the literature on green finance and associated concepts, including sustainable finance, environmental finance, and carbon finance. It analyses contributions, constraints, and evolutionary trends throughout time and thematic categories. A central objective is to assess how the development of green finance shapes economic and corporate competitiveness in the context of the global transition toward a low-carbon and resilient economic system. The paper employs bibliometric analysis on 1,712 articles indexed in the Web of Science database for the period 2005–2025. Using Biblioshiny in RStudio, the study investigates publication dynamics, influential journals and authors, and the intellectual structure of the field. Complementing this, a content analysis of 30 highly relevant articles provides qualitative insights into methodological patterns and theoretical approaches. The findings reveal a significant expansion of research on green finance, driven by regulatory pressures, sustainability-oriented investment strategies, and the increasing urgency of climate policy goals. The analysis highlights that green finance can enhance competitiveness by fostering eco-innovation, improving risk management, and attracting long-term responsible capital. Nevertheless, the literature also points to persistent challenges, including conceptual ambiguities, regulatory inconsistencies, and uneven global adoption, which may limit competitiveness outcomes. This study identifies major research clusters and emerging themes, reflecting both consolidation and fragmentation within the field. Overall, this research offers an integrated evidence-based perspective, clarifies the link between green finance and competitiveness, and outlines promising avenues for future research aligned with the focus of the journal on competitiveness and sustainable economic performance. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 13 emphasizes the urgent need to mitigate climate-related risk to ensure ecological sustainability. Against this backdrop, the present study examines how export market structure and environmental entrepreneurship affect environmental risk by applying the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) approach. The findings show that export market structure has a significant positive effect on environmental risk across most quantiles. Because the export market structure variable is measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), this result indicates that greater export market concentration increases environmental risk, whereas a more competitive export market structure mitigates it. Environmental entrepreneurship has a significant negative effect on environmental risk across quantiles, underscoring the importance of renewable energy sources in reducing environmental risk. Overall, the results reveal substantial heterogeneity across the conditional distribution of environmental risk. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin test indicates bidirectional causality between environmental risk and the explanatory variables included in the causality model. The FMOLS and Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimates confirm the robustness of the main findings. Finally, the empirical results offer important policy implications for stakeholders seeking to reduce environmental risk. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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This study investigates the impact of ICT-based digital trade on green growth in China over the period 1985–2021. To capture nonlinear dynamics and regime-dependent effects, the analysis applies a Smooth Transition Regression (STR) framework and identifies structural break points around 2003, 2010, and 2011. The study also constructs a green gross national income indicator to reflect the environmental cost of economic expansion more explicitly. The findings reveal that the relationship between ICT trade and green growth is nonlinear rather than constant over time. ICT-based digital trade exerts a positive and approximately unit-elastic effect on green growth, while labor and capital also contribute positively, with evidence of increasing returns to scale in the presence of ICT. The results further suggest that technological progress associated with ICT can support green growth by improving energy efficiency, strengthening productive capacity, and facilitating the use of less energy-intensive inputs. These findings imply that the growth and environmental benefits of ICT are conditional on the stage of green development and the broader economic structure. Accordingly, policies that promote ICT trade, technological innovation, capital formation, and skilled labor development may strengthen China’s transition toward sustainable and greener growth. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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This study examines the effect of financial stability on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in five high-emission Asian economies over the period 1992–2019. To capture possible asymmetries, the study applies pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL) and nonlinear PMG-ARDL estimators that distinguish between positive and negative changes in financial stability. Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) are used to assess the robustness of the long-run estimates. The results show that, in the long run, a positive change in financial stability has no statistically significant effect on CO₂ emissions, whereas a negative change in financial stability is associated with lower emissions. This points to an asymmetric relationship. In the short run, neither positive nor negative changes in financial stability exert statistically significant effects. The FMOLS and DOLS estimates partly support the long-run asymmetric findings. These results suggest that the environmental implications of financial stability depend on the direction of financial change and that environmental objectives should be incorporated more explicitly into financial-sector policy in high-emission Asian economies. Such policy alignment can support lower-carbon development pathways and strengthen the foundations of sustainable competitiveness in the long run. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Green innovation is central to achieving sustainable environmental and economic transformation in China. This study examines the impact of green fiscal policy on green innovation in China over the period 1991–2020. Green fiscal policy is measured using two fiscal instruments: environment-related taxes and research and development (R&D) expenditure. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the results show that environment-related taxes and R&D expenditure positively influence green innovation in China. As a robustness check, the quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) model indicates that environment-related taxes promote green innovation across quantiles, whereas R&D expenditure has a stronger long-run effect mainly at higher quantiles of green innovation. The findings provide policy-relevant evidence that well-designed fiscal instruments can stimulate environmental innovation and support China’s sustainable transformation and long-run competitiveness. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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This study examines the impact of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) alignment on green innovation and firm competitiveness among Chinese manufacturing firms, with environmental uncertainty and institutional pressure as the moderating variables. Grounded in institutional theory, the study analyzes how institutional pressure and environmental uncertainty condition the translation of sustainability reporting into environmental innovation. In this study, we collected data from 320 senior managers, sustainability officers, and R&D managers across three Chinese provinces using a structured questionnaire. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, the results reveal that CSRD alignment significantly enhances both green innovation and firm competitiveness. Green innovation partially mediates the relationship between CSRD alignment and competitiveness, confirming its role as a strategic pathway to competitive advantage. In terms of moderation, environmental uncertainty weakens the positive effect of CSRD alignment on green innovation, whereas institutional pressure does not significantly moderate this relationship. These findings extend institutional theory by demonstrating how sustainability directives drive innovation-based competitive advantage through contingent mechanisms. Practically, the study offers managers strategic insights into leveraging sustainability reporting to strengthen environmental performance and competitive positioning amid market uncertainty. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Economic corridors are expected to support green transition, digital upgrading and firm capability development as well as lower transport costs, yet corridor programs usually fund these objectives through separate streams even though firms experience them jointly. This study asks whether firm competitiveness in corridor settings depends on the joint presence of four capability domains: corridor-integrated innovation systems (CIIS), resilient resource reformation (RRR), industrial ecosystem advancement (IEA), and human capital and knowledge networks (HCKN), which together form the CORISE-PK framework. Survey data from 480 corridor-linked firms in five sectors and five regions of Pakistan were analyzed with hierarchical regression and interaction terms. Main effects explain much of the variance in new quality productivity, but two-way and three-way interactions each add explanatory power, and the four-way interaction is positive and significant. The four domains reinforce one another instead of acting as independent drivers, and the synergy estimates are larger, although not significantly so, in higher-technology sectors and in more established corridor regions. The findings imply that green finance is most useful when it supports resource reformation and ecosystem upgrading together, and that digital transformation works as a coordination layer linking knowledge, operations and performance across firms. The paper offers a capability-systems account of corridor competitiveness and guidance on the design of bundled interventions. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Industrial growth is a central driver of economic development, but its contribution to sustainable competitiveness depends on whether expansion is supported by financial innovation, environmental integration, and technological capability. China has experienced rapid industrialization over recent decades; therefore, identifying the determinants of sustainable industrial growth is important for both economic and environmental policy. This study examines the asymmetric effects of financial technology and environmental globalization on industrial growth in China from 1995 to 2022. Industrial growth is used as the empirical channel through which sustainable competitiveness is assessed. Using linear ARDL and nonlinear ARDL frameworks, the study evaluates both symmetric and asymmetric relationships among financial technology, environmental globalization, technological capital, human capital, economic instability, and industrial growth. The symmetric results indicate that financial technology and environmental globalization promote long-run industrial growth. The asymmetric results show that positive changes in financial technology and environmental globalization support industrial growth, whereas negative changes weaken it. Overall, the findings suggest that fintech development, environmental globalization, technological capability, and human-capital upgrading can help strengthen sustainable competitiveness in China. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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This study examines the nonlinear relationship between services trade liberalization and green growth in BRICS economies. Because direct measures of services trade liberalization are limited for the study period, ICT service exports are used as an outcome-based proxy for international services-trade integration. Using linear and nonlinear panel quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) models, the study estimates both short-run and long-run effects. The linear results indicate that services trade supports green growth in BRICS economies, mainly in the long run and at higher quantiles. The nonlinear results show that positive shocks to services trade promote green growth, whereas negative shocks weaken it. Green investment, human capital, and R&D expenditure generally contribute positively to green growth, although their effects vary across quantiles. These findings suggest that policies supporting services trade liberalization, digital service exports, green investment, human-capital development, and R&D activity can strengthen green growth and sustainable competitiveness in BRICS economies. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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This study examines the effects of e-commerce live marketing, financial infrastructure, income, and education on household online purchasing behavior in selected European economies from 2005 to 2020. Consistent with the title, responsible consumption is treated as a policy-relevant interpretation of household purchasing behavior in digital markets rather than as a direct psychological diagnosis. The analysis distinguishes between urban household purchasing behavior and towns/suburbs household purchasing behavior. Using panel data for 12 European economies, the study applies OLS, 2SLS, and dynamic panel GMM estimators. E-commerce live marketing is operationalized through internet purchases by individuals. The results show that e-commerce live marketing has a positive and statistically significant effect on both urban and towns/suburbs household purchasing behavior across all estimation methods. Financial infrastructure also has a positive and significant effect in all models. Income positively affects urban household purchasing behavior, while its effect on towns/suburbs household purchasing behavior is significant only in the OLS specification. Education generally supports household purchasing behavior, particularly in the 2SLS and GMM models. The findings suggest that e-commerce activity, financial access infrastructure, income, and education are important drivers of digital household consumption and can inform policies aimed at inclusive and responsible consumption in European economies. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Trade policy uncertainty (TPU) can affect both economic performance and environmental outcomes, thereby shaping sustainable competitiveness. This study examines the nonlinear relationship between TPU and green growth in China from 2000Q1 to 2021Q4. Green growth is treated as the empirical channel through which sustainable competitiveness is assessed, because it links economic performance with environmental quality. Using quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) and nonlinear QARDL models, the study estimates heterogeneous short-run and long-run effects across the green-growth distribution. The linear results show that TPU has a negative and statistically significant effect on green growth at several quantiles, especially at the lower and upper parts of the distribution. The nonlinear results indicate that positive TPU shocks reduce green growth, whereas reductions in TPU improve green growth, particularly at higher quantiles. Green investment, human capital, and environmental technology also emerge as important determinants of green growth. The findings suggest that stable trade policy, stronger green investment, human-capital upgrading, and environmental technology development can strengthen China’s sustainable competitiveness. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Green finance is increasingly seen as an important tool for reducing carbon emissions and supporting sustainable development. However, a critical gap persists in understanding the collective effects of green finance and governance on carbon mitigation, which is important for effective policy design. Therefore, this study investigates the interaction effect of green finance and governance quality on carbon emissions across OECD economies from 2000 to 2022. Using the method of moments quantile regression, the results show that countries investing more in green finance reduce carbon emissions across quantiles. Furthermore, the interaction between green finance and institutional quality is inversely related to carbon emissions at higher quantiles. The empirical results further indicate that GDP and imports contribute to increasing carbon emissions, whereas exports negatively affect emissions. These findings highlight strategic pathways for policymakers and regulators. To enhance sustainable competitiveness, it is crucial to combine the expansion of green finance with comprehensive institutional reforms, thus facilitating more effective progress toward global climate objectives.