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http://www.cjournal.cz Journal of Competitiveness Economy http://backend.userland.com/rss Mon, 13 Apr 2026 07:05:41 GMT http://www.cjournal.cz/imgs/cjournal_logo.png http://www.cjournal.cz
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Recent academic literature has highlighted the need to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employees’ mental health and engagement. This study examined the effects of CSR on anxiety, job stress, and employee engagement, paying special attention to the internal processes through which socially responsible practices may influence employees’ emotional and motivational responses. Data collection to conduct the empirical analysis was obtained through an online survey (n = 533) administered to professors of higher education in Spain, a professional group that frequently experiences high workloads and emotional pressure. Statistical analysis was employed using the PLS-SEM technique, which enabled the evaluation of both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. Findings revealed that CSR reduces anxiety and job stress and has a positive impact on employee engagement. Additionally, anxiety and job stress generate lower levels of employee engagement, acting as detrimental psychological states that undermine employees’ capacity to remain motivated and committed. This research contributes to the management of social responsibility as a priori element to reduce negative emotional states (anxiety and job stress) and increase employee engagement. Overall, the study offers valuable insights for organisational managers when implementing CSR initiatives that foster healthier work environments, support employee well-being, and ultimately improve organisational performance while generating broader societal benefits. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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In the process of competition for international status, environment quality has become a critical factor in assessing a country’s development level, and carbon emissions have become a major challenge to national development. The ecological protection compensation mechanism is an important means of environmental management, so this paper selects the transfer payment mechanism of the national key ecological functional zones and explores in depth the positive role of ecological protection compensation in realizing carbon emission reduction. Based on the data of 1,632 county-level cities from 2005 to 2017, a staggered difference-in-difference model is constructed to study the impact of transfer payments on carbon emissions. Ecological protection compensation can not only directly achieve carbon emission reduction and increase carbon sequestration, but also reduce carbon emissions through green technological innovation, the adjustment of the scale of industrialization, and the increase in forest areas. Heterogeneity results show that regions with higher fiscal freedom and higher electricity consumption are better able to achieve carbon emission reduction. This paper enriches the effects and roles of the ecological protection compensation mechanism, further expands the strategic approach to achieve carbon emission reduction, and proposes policies such as optimizing industrial structure, upgrading the level of green innovation, and increasing fiscal freedom to further assist China in achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Firms apply marketing innovation (MI) activities to draw customers’ attention and to gain a competitive advantage against their rivals in different markets. However, enterprises’ differing resources and capabilities, along with varying institutional environments across markets, might cause different MI outcomes. In this regard, this paper identifies country-level differences in the impact of innovation orientation (INO), family financial capital (FAFIC), political (POLE), economic (ECE), and legal environments (LEGE) on the MI of 1,367 firms from four European countries. While INO and FAFIC are the factors identified as firms’ resources and capabilities in the resource-based view (RBV), POLE, ECE, and LEGE are the pillars of institutional theory. We used a purposive sampling method based on job status, considering the survey participants’ roles in MI-related business activities. We also generated an online survey to collect research data. Then, ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed for analysis purposes. The results of this paper prove country-level differences in the effect of INO, FAFIC, POLE, and LEGE on MI, while the impact of ECE on MI does not differ depending on the countries where businesses operate. Cultural characteristics and the business environment of various countries might be the reasons for the findings. Since this paper conceptualizes the determinant factors of MI in different countries and provides various MI practices that increase the competitiveness of businesses in a multi-country context, policymakers, firms, and academicians can benefit from the arguments of this comprehensive study. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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E-commerce, whereby consumers are able to perform transactions easily online, has undergone rapid growth since its inception. Data mining with AI techniques, such as machine learning, can be a useful tool for market research in this field because it provides valuable information for the design of effective digital marketing strategies. This study examines how predictive information systems based on machine learning can improve the efficiency and competitiveness of e-commerce marketing. Using data from 5,389,731 users in Spain, we implement XGBoost to estimate purchase willingness across seven categories (insurance, hearing aids, NGOs, energy, gambling, telecommunications and finance). The supervised model is trained on historical conversions and behavioural–demographic variables, validated with holdout data, and deployed to score non-converted users. To complement algorithmic profiling with managerial insight, we conducted 63 qualitative interviews to uncover motivations by segment and category. XGBoost accurately predicts purchase likelihood when there is sufficient conversion depth, enabling granular segmentation and targeted promotion with reduced waste. The qualitative findings reveal distinct intrinsic and extrinsic drivers by product and declared sex, informing message framing and offer design. Taken together, the mixed-methods approach supports more efficient resource allocation, higher conversion rates and strengthened competitive positioning through data-driven segmentation and motivation-based personalisation. The contribution is twofold: a replicable, at-scale lead-scoring pipeline and actionable motivational maps for planning. Accordingly, this is an innovative, AI-enabled management method that increases efficiency, improves competitiveness and supports advantages in key processes, with multinational portability. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Many factors impact urban fixed-asset investment efficiency (FAIE) during urbanization. Significant academic attention has focused on the main factors that affect urban fixed-asset investment efficiency. However, it remains unclear what the main factors affecting urban fixed-asset investment efficiency are and how they influence it. First, we use the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) to automatically identify the main drivers influencing urban FAIE in western China. Then, we utilize the Nadaraya–Watson estimator of a non-parametric regression model to empirically test the nonlinear relationships between these drivers and urban FAIE. Finally, we construct a dynamic panel data model to explore the magnitude of their impact on urban FAIE. We find that the drivers influencing urban FAIE include the economic development level, urbanization investment, financial industry development, urbanization level, and education level. Urban FAIE is positively correlated with the economic development level and negatively correlated with urbanization investment. The relationship between urban FAIE and financial industry development shows a fluctuating pattern. Urban FAIE and the urbanization level have a U-shaped relationship. Urban FAIE and the education level do not appear to have a significant mutual relationship. The drivers have a significant positive impact on urban FAIE. Except for urban fixed-asset investment, economic development, financial industry development, education level, and urbanization level significantly promote urban FAIE. The education level and urbanization level interact with each other, and this interaction has a significant positive impact on urban investment efficiency. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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In today’s dynamic global business environment, the successful management of enterprises is crucial for their sustainability, growth, and, most importantly, their competitiveness. This article addresses the challenge of enhancing enterprise competitiveness by developing and evaluating an integrated enterprise management technology. The study’s main aim is to create a cohesive system by amalgamating specialized management technologies through the principles of meta-management and a risk-oriented approach, thereby aligning organizational activities with stakeholder interests and sustainable development goals. Methodologically, the research adopts a comprehensive approach, analyzing ISO certification trends and data from a survey of 115 Chinese enterprises, with 32 responses from senior and mid-level managers. The results underscore the critical role of integrated management technologies in augmenting organizational efficiency and sustainability. Key findings indicate that 80% of surveyed enterprises require quality management technology, and 68% see high relevance in risk management, knowledge management, and CSR. The study validates a model that enhances risk management strategies and boosts organizational performance. Ultimately, this research provides a procedural framework for implementing an integrated technology that directly contributes to strengthening an enterprise's competitive position in the market. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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The emergence of Cloud Computing has led to a revolution within the field of Information Systems due to the benefits of the pay-per-use model as a powerful source of increased competitiveness. One of the factors that have conferred the most impetus to this type of Cloud service is the reduction of costs. The aim of this study is to compile information on the most relevant studies considering the other key factor in the development of these solutions: the impact that Cloud Computing has had on Firm Performance wherever it has been implemented. For this purpose, the most productive and influential sources were identified, analyzing data from the general Web of Science Database until the year 2023. In this way, authors, countries, entities, and journals with the highest levels of productivity and influence were identified, and the most relevant and influential papers were determined. The final objective of this study was to open a line of research that is built from the conclusions of the most relevant and influential sources of information in this field of study. The main takeaway of this study is the increasing interest that researchers have in the interrelation between Cloud Computing and Firm Performance, identifying the most relevant and influential sources of information that may help future researchers develop this research line. As a general conclusion, this study shows that the most productive and influential authors, institutions and sources are based in India, China and the United States. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Pairs trading, recognized as an effective high-frequency investment strategy to mitigate risk, has been widely employed in statistical arbitrage. Traditional pairs trading approaches often impose strict constraints on asset selection, and in view of the functional and dependent characteristics of financial market data, this study proposes an innovative pairs trading strategy based on a dependent functional cointegration model. Specifically, we first utilize a dependent functional cointegration test to identify contract pairs exhibiting cointegration relationships, then establish a signal mechanism and threshold setting for the trading phase, and finally carry out arbitrage tests in stock markets. The results show that, compared with traditional methods, this approach not only respects the stochastic nature of data but also operates under a nonparametric framework, enabling accurate recognition of dependence and dynamic changes in high-frequency data. It thereby precisely captures short-term mean reversion trends, achieves higher trading frequency, and yields significantly improved returns. Consequently, this method offers trading institutions a practical tool for constructing a universal quantitative trading system in fiercely competitive markets, contributing to the overall competitiveness and efficiency of the financial sector. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Customers increasingly seek exclusivity. At the same time, organisations have less control over the delivery of experiences and compete on customer experience (CX) management. In this context, an in-depth understanding of micro-experiences is crucial. It involves conceiving each interaction between customer and company as part of a collection of micro-experiences. The concepts related to customer experience management (CEM) can be applied to each of these micro-experiences to gain greater focus, knowledge, operability, control and impact from each of a customer’s experiences. The analysis of micro-experiences can lead to greater efficiency in delivering on a company’s objectives by focusing on the interactions that customers deem important. This research centres on the interactions of customers with a technology company’s technical service. Analysis of 109,702 customer surveys enables in-depth investigation of these interactions by identifying and detailing each micro-experience and monitoring the related performance indicators. The results show that micro-experiences have a significant influence on satisfaction and recommendations. They are associated negatively with waiting time and positively with talk time and query resolution. The findings expand current approaches to CEM. Given that research to date has focused on CX as a macro-level concept, this study provides a novel and enriching approach to CEM. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Green credit policies prompt enterprises to consider their environmental footprint when making financial decisions, thereby encouraging industries to transform and upgrade, and prompting structural adjustments. Using data from China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2019, this study examines the impact of the 2012 Green Credit Guidelines on firms’ total factor productivity (TFP). By employing the DID strategy, we find that green credit policies do not significantly affect the TFP of heavily polluting enterprises; notably, this result holds true after a series of robustness tests. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, subject to stricter financing constraints resulting from the policy shock, heavily polluting enterprises adapt their product structures to mitigate the policy’s adverse effects. Finally, the study underscores the role of enterprise ownership in moderating the efficiency of green credit policies on productivity. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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There is limited research on the connection between business models and the successful implementation of eHealth products and services involving different stakeholders, specifically considering (i) the potential contribution of each actor and (ii) their structural alignment with the ecosystem’s value propositions. This study explores a model in which healthcare products and services are integrated, allowing patients and providers to co-create value through collaborative, personalized healthcare solutions, also known as the Product-Service-System. A Remote Gait Monitoring Product-Service-System is developed to facilitate the implementation of innovative technologies and practices, linking care providers, healthcare professionals, and patients within the ecosystem. To identify value creation potential, several semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among main multiple sclerosis stakeholders. Participants were asked about their perception of the value and future potential of a Product-Service-System for managing chronic multiple sclerosis. Interviews were coded and analyzed using qualitative methods. The findings reveal three significant constructs that create value for each actor in the ecosystem: the ecosystem’s value proposition, value addition, and value network. The expected impacts in terms of innovation, sustainability, and social effects for the involved actors are related to value capture. Although this study focuses on a particular Product-Service-System for monitoring gait disturbances in real-life situations among patients with multiple sclerosis, the underlying principles could apply to other domains with similar critical factors. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Consumers can play a key role in value co-creation processes when strong consumer-brand bonds are developed. Through interaction, collaboration and shared experiences, consumers can reinforce affective and emotional bonds with a brand, strengthen long-term relationships with the company and thus help improve its profitability. Nowadays, emotions and positive affect are the focus of attention of the co-creation literature, emphasizing that if consumers experience brand love, they are more willing to engage in co-creative behaviors and joint actions with the company. To analyze the impact of brand love on both online and offline value co-creation, data from 311 Land Rover vehicle owners and members of the brand’s community was gathered. The empirical testing of the hypotheses was carried out using partial least squares equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results confirmed that the consumers feel love for both the brand and the community of brand users, which, in turn, positively influences value co-creation. More specifically, consumers become co-creators of value for a beloved brand when they engage in conversations on behalf of the brand through evangelism, defense, promotion, openness, as well as through their online actions including the posting of comments and photos, as well as the liking and sharing of brand posts, among others. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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The European Union is promoting digitalization as a means to increase the competitiveness of its economy and improve education systems according to new demands. As a result, universities need to take strategic action to adapt to this new reality. The purpose of this research is to measure professors' proficiency in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) by developing a valid questionnaire based on the DigCompEdu tool, which assesses AI competency. The research question aims to examine the correlation between university professors' AI performance and its impact on teaching activity. Four hypotheses are posed, two related to the learning and development of digital competencies in students and two linked to the regulatory framework and the ethical implications. All hypotheses have been confirmed, and the following conclusions have been reached. Firstly, it has been found that professors have low performance in using AI tools beyond ChatGPT or translation tools. Secondly, professors lack confidence in their AI competence when applied to teaching and research. Thirdly, educational institutions are not investing in AI training to develop the AI competence of educators. Higher education institutions have a crucial responsibility to meet the challenges and risks associated with the use of AI. They must ensure that AI is used ethically, academic integrity is maintained, and that they do not fall behind in their efforts to train professors and prepare students with the digital skills required for the job market. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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The global economy is undergoing a process of digital transformation that impacts both competitiveness and the structure of the business environment. This process also presents opportunities for the development of companies, increasing numbers of which have become high-growth companies, which in turn has effects on the very structure of business. High-growth companies are becoming increasingly prevalent in the business structure of the eurozone, both in terms of their numbers and in terms of employment generation. This, along with the growing importance of sectors related to artificial intelligence, makes it imperative that research attention is paid to the factors that enhance the development of this group of companies. This paper aims to analyse the competitiveness-related factors that influence the prevalence of high-growth companies in the computer programming, consultancy and related activities sector (NACE category J62) in the eurozone’s business structure. To this end, different models have been developed, based on panel data from 2013 to 2017, comprising macroeconomic variables and competitiveness factors provided by the World Bank, in order to explain the proportion of high-growth firms in eurozone economies. The results show that the key factors explaining the prevalence of high-growth firms in any particular country are economic growth, credit growth, labour market efficiency, market size and business sophistication. http://www.cjournal.cz/index.php?hid=clanek&cid=
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Clan culture has had the most extensive and profound impact on Chinese socio-economic activities. This article constructs a theoretical model for analysing the impact of clan culture on agency costs from the perspective of evolutionary game theory. The clan culture, as a ‘shared belief’, leads to an equilibrium of historical repeated game between managers and shareholders in which behavioural combination of (honesty, renewal of employment) occurs. Under this equilibrium, the agency problem between managers and shareholders is constrained. This article takes Chinese listed private enterprises as samples to empirically analyse the impact of clan culture on agency costs between owners and managers, and verify theoretical hypotheses. The empirical results indicate that clan culture reduces agency costs between owners and managers. The impact of clan culture on agency costs is mainly achieved through the internal moral constraints of managers rather than external collective punishment mechanism. Further research suggests that there is a substitutional relationship between the impact of clan culture on owner manager agency costs and the influence of formal institutions, as well as the level of marketization. This study is a supplement to the research on corporate governance of private enterprises from the perspective of traditional culture. It provides a new perspective for understanding the evolution of corporate governance in emerging markets represented by China and how to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises with local characteristics.