Do Competitive Export Markets Lower Climate Risk? The Role of Eco-Entrepreneurship and Renewables
Jiaheng Wang, Minjie Lin, Chi Wei Su, Marilen Gabriel Pirtea, Muhammad Hafeez
Keywords:
Export Market Structure, Environmental Entrepreneurship, Environmental Risk, SDG 13, MMQR, BRICS+
Abstract:
The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 13 emphasizes the urgent need to mitigate climate-related risk to ensure ecological sustainability. Against this backdrop, the present study examines how export market structure and environmental entrepreneurship affect environmental risk by applying the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) approach. The findings show that export market structure has a significant positive effect on environmental risk across most quantiles. Because the export market structure variable is measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), this result indicates that greater export market concentration increases environmental risk, whereas a more competitive export market structure mitigates it. Environmental entrepreneurship has a significant negative effect on environmental risk across quantiles, underscoring the importance of renewable energy sources in reducing environmental risk. Overall, the results reveal substantial heterogeneity across the conditional distribution of environmental risk. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin test indicates bidirectional causality between environmental risk and the explanatory variables included in the causality model. The FMOLS and Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimates confirm the robustness of the main findings. Finally, the empirical results offer important policy implications for stakeholders seeking to reduce environmental risk.
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 Do Competitive Export Markets Lower Climate Risk? The Role of Eco-Entrepreneurship and Renewables [PDF file] [Filesize: 1.26 MB]
 10.7441/joc.2026.SI.13
Wang, J., Lin, M., Su, C. W., Pirtea, M. G., & Hafeez, M. (2026). Do Competitive Export Markets Lower Climate Risk? The Role of Eco-entrepreneurship and Renewables. Journal of Competitiveness, 18(SI 2), 108–137. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2026.SI.13
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